{"id":5755,"date":"2023-01-05T16:13:40","date_gmt":"2023-01-05T16:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=5755"},"modified":"2023-01-05T16:22:15","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T16:22:15","slug":"iklim-degisikligi-aclik-oranini-nasil-arttiriyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=5755","title":{"rendered":"\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi A\u00e7l\u0131k Oran\u0131n\u0131 Nas\u0131l Artt\u0131r\u0131yor?*"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 yok ederek, insanlar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye maruz b\u0131rakarak, sosyal e\u015fitsizlikleri iyice belirginle\u015ftirerek ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 baltalayarak k\u0131tl\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131 ikiye katl\u0131yor. Peki, bu nas\u0131l oluyor ve neden hepimiz risk alt\u0131nday\u0131z?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>

1990’lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana, a\u011f\u0131r hava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan felaketlerin say\u0131s\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak hasat miktar\u0131 azald\u0131 ve g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 artt\u0131. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi de k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 beraberinde getiriyor ve g\u0131da sistemleri k\u00fcresel bir konu oldu\u011fundan, hepimizin ayn\u0131 gemide oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yerinde bir tabir olacakt\u0131r.
Ne yaz\u0131k ki bu, yak\u0131n zamanda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilecek bir sorun gibi de g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor. Dahas\u0131, iklim modelleri; d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131caklar\u0131, k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde y\u00fckselen deniz seviyelerini ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde de kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Somali Yar\u0131madas\u0131, son 40 y\u0131l\u0131n en derin kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor bir konu olsa da insana etkileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeterince a\u00e7\u0131k ve somut: K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n bir sonucu olarak milyonlarca insan her gece yata\u011fa a\u00e7 giriyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve neden hepimizin endi\u015felenmesi gerekti\u011fini 4 maddede g\u00f6rebiliriz. <\/span><\/p>

1. \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Tar\u0131m ve G\u0131da \u00dcretimini Etkiliyor<\/span><\/strong>
Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, kurakl\u0131k, sel ve atmosferdeki y\u00fcksek CO2 konsantrasyonlar\u0131, d\u00fcnyadaki temel g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini etkiler. M\u0131s\u0131r ve bu\u011fday \u00fcretimi, a\u011f\u0131r hava \u015fartlar\u0131, bitki hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel su krizinin etkileriyle son y\u0131llarda azald\u0131.<\/span>
BM G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne (FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization) g\u00f6re, Afrika’n\u0131n Sahel gibi b\u00f6lgelerindeki tah\u0131l mahsulleri i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen hasatlar\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki nedenlerin %80’i iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine dayan\u0131yor. Banglade\u015f ve Vietnam gibi di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde ise y\u00fckselen deniz seviyeleri, g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 bir tehdit olu\u015fturuyor. Pirin\u00e7 ekilen tar\u0131m arazileri tuzlu su ile sular alt\u0131nda kal\u0131yor. Vietnam’\u0131n ulusal pirin\u00e7 \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131s\u0131 Mekong Deltas\u0131’ndan sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir selin bile b\u00fcy\u00fck etkileri olabiliyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkileri, Somali Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya gibi b\u00f6lgelerde belirgin olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/span>
Bu sorunlar\u0131n nedenleri olduk\u00e7a tutarl\u0131 olsa da maalesef \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri \u00f6yle de\u011fil.<\/span><\/p>

2. \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi G\u0131daya Eri\u015fimi Zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor<\/span><\/strong>
\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden dolay\u0131 \u00fcretilen g\u0131da miktar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131, insanlar\u0131n eri\u015febilece\u011fi g\u0131da miktar\u0131nda da azaltma olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bununla birlikte, bu basit arz ve talep \u00f6rne\u011finin b\u00fcy\u00fck etkileri var. G\u0131da sisteminin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, bir iklim olay\u0131 (b\u00fcy\u00fck veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck) nedeniyle kesintiye u\u011frarsa, bu kesinti enflasyona yol a\u00e7abiliyor. Bunun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Covid-19 nedeniyle uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra son iki y\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Bu fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 en \u00e7ok yoksul aileleri olumsuz olarak etkiliyor ve \u00f6yle ki bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki ailelerin, b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin %75’ini yaln\u0131zca g\u0131daya harcad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/span>
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yoksul \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, en \u00e7ok tar\u0131ma g\u00fcveniyor; bu, ailelerin kendi hasatlar\u0131na (ve kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n hasatlar\u0131na) g\u00f6re mevsimsel beslendikleri anlam\u0131na geliyor. Hasattan hemen \u00f6nce “k\u0131tl\u0131k zaman\u0131” olarak bilinen, yiyecek deposunun neredeyse t\u00fckendi\u011fi ve ekilmi\u015f olan mahsullerin toplanmaya haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda, aileler genellikle g\u00fcn\u00fc bir \u00f6\u011f\u00fcnle ge\u00e7iriyor. Bir\u00e7ok yerde ise iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, bu k\u0131tl\u0131k zaman\u0131n\u0131 daha da uzatm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/span><\/p>

3. \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi G\u0131dan\u0131n Besin De\u011ferini Azalt\u0131yor<\/span><\/strong>
A\u00e7l\u0131k ve yetersiz beslenme hem nicelik hem de nitelikle yak\u0131ndan ilgili sorunlar do\u011furuyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi her ikisini de etkiliyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bitkilerde daha y\u00fcksek karbondioksit konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n bitkilerin i\u00e7indeki protein, \u00e7inko ve demir i\u00e7eri\u011fini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, tahmini 175 milyon insan\u0131n \u00e7inko eksikli\u011fi ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. O zamana kadar da 122 milyon insanda protein eksikli\u011fi g\u00f6zlemlenmesi bekleniyor.<\/span>
Bitki bazl\u0131 beslenmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ayn\u0131 zamanda elde edilen etin, yumurtan\u0131n, s\u00fct\u00fcn veya hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kalitesini de etkiliyor. S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar, ke\u00e7iler ve di\u011fer hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcrleri, kurakl\u0131kla birlikte gelen zarar\u0131n %36’s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor (Mahsuller ise %49’unu\u2026). Benzer \u015fekilde, a\u011f\u0131r hava \u015fartlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya gibi b\u00f6lgelerde bal\u0131k pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit ediyor.<\/span><\/p>

4. \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi G\u0131da \u0130sraf\u0131n\u0131 Beraberinde Getiriyor<\/span><\/strong>
Hasat \u00e7ok iyi olsa bile, iklim krizi artt\u0131k\u00e7a g\u0131da israf\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale geliyor. Kurak b\u00f6lgelerde yeti\u015fen \u00fcr\u00fcnler genellikle nemli depolama tesislerine ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor ve bu da onlar\u0131 mantar olu\u015fumuna ve zararl\u0131 bakterilere kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Bu durumda ya\u011fmur da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmuyor: A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flardan kaynaklanan seller mahsuller \u00fczerinde zararl\u0131 k\u00fcf \u00fcremesine neden olabiliyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak y\u0131ll\u0131k g\u0131da israf\u0131 da art\u0131yor.<\/span>
BM G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re, \u00e7ift\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen g\u0131dalar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkelere ta\u015f\u0131nma a\u015famas\u0131nda tarla ve pazar aras\u0131nda telef oluyor. Y\u00fcksek gelirli \u00fclkelerde ise piyasa ile t\u00fcketici talepleri do\u011frultusunda benzer bir miktar bo\u015fa harcan\u0131yor. \u015eu anda, g\u0131da sistemi sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n %21-37’lik art\u0131\u015f\u0131na neden oluyor ve bu da g\u0131da israf\u0131n\u0131n iklim krizine katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir yarar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve A\u00e7l\u0131k: S\u0131rada Ne Var?<\/span><\/strong>
\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, k\u00fcresel g\u0131da sistemini \u00f6yle bir \u015fekilde etkiliyor ki, halihaz\u0131rda a\u00e7l\u0131ktan ve yetersiz beslenmeden mustarip olanlar, iklim krizi devam ederken daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmeye kar\u015f\u0131 en savunmas\u0131z olanlar oluyor. 2030 y\u0131l\u0131 S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Hedefleri\u2019nden biri olan a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona erdirmek i\u00e7in, \u00f6zellikle h\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve politikalar d\u00fczeyinde iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin nedenlerini ele almam\u0131z gerekiyor. Ayr\u0131ca, krizin \u00f6n saflar\u0131nda yer alan ve asl\u0131nda sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131na \u00e7ok az katk\u0131da bulunan topluluklar\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in iklim adaletine \u00f6ncelik verilmeli.<\/span>
Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda, bunun tek ba\u015f\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden en \u00e7ok etkilenen toplum ve \u00fclkelerle k\u00fcresel dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015flatmal\u0131y\u0131z. Y\u00fcksek gelirli \u00fclkeler (\u00f6zellikle en \u00e7ok sera gaz\u0131 \u00fcreten \u00fclkeler), hem iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 hafifletmek hem de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkeleri bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkilerine uyum sa\u011flamada desteklemek i\u00e7in sorumluluk almal\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Paris \u0130klim Anla\u015fmas\u0131 gibi programlarda belirtti\u011fimiz vaatleri yerine getirmeli ve ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>

* Bu metin, Rupa Mukerji’nin 2019 K\u00fcresel A\u00e7l\u0131k Endeksi’nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak yay\u0131nlanan “\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve K\u0131tl\u0131k” adl\u0131 makalesinden derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 yok ederek, insanlar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye maruz b\u0131rakarak, sosyal e\u015fitsizlikleri iyice belirginle\u015ftirerek ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 baltalayarak k\u0131tl\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131 ikiye katl\u0131yor. Peki, bu nas\u0131l oluyor ve neden hepimiz risk alt\u0131nday\u0131z? 1990’lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana, a\u011f\u0131r hava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan felaketlerin say\u0131s\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak hasat miktar\u0131 azald\u0131 ve g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 artt\u0131. \u0130klim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5756,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-5755","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-yazilar"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/iklim-degisiklig\u0306i-aclik.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"H\u00fcnkar G\u00f6rel","author_link":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?author=2"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi A\u00e7l\u0131k Oran\u0131n\u0131 Nas\u0131l Artt\u0131r\u0131yor?* - GPD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 yok ederek, insanlar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye maruz b\u0131rakarak, sosyal e\u015fitsizlikleri iyice belirginle\u015ftirerek ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 baltalayarak k\u0131tl\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131 ikiye katl\u0131yor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=5755\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi A\u00e7l\u0131k Oran\u0131n\u0131 Nas\u0131l Artt\u0131r\u0131yor?* - 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