{"id":1469,"date":"2019-11-07T07:59:35","date_gmt":"2019-11-07T07:59:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1469"},"modified":"2019-11-07T08:35:30","modified_gmt":"2019-11-07T08:35:30","slug":"yapay-zeka-insanligi-yok-eder-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1469","title":{"rendered":"Yapay Zek\u00e2, \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yok Eder mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yapay zek\u00e2 uygulamalar\u0131 hen\u00fcz ortada yokken 1968\u2019de, Stanley Kubrick\u2019in \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u201c2001: A Space Odyssey\u201d filmi, yapay zek\u00e2 konusunda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir soru i\u015faretini do\u011furdu: \u201cAcaba yapay zek\u00e2, bir g\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok eder mi?\u201d Hen\u00fcz yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yapabilece\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri bilmeden, belki de yapay zek\u00e2yla sahip olabilece\u011fimiz konforu g\u00f6rmeden, bug\u00fcne kadar sahip oldu\u011fumuz teknolojiler gibi yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde a\u00e7abilece\u011fi ufuklar\u0131 bilmeden b\u00f6yle bir \u015f\u00fcphenin olu\u015fmas\u0131, san\u0131r\u0131m insan\u0131n ancak kendi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendine rakip olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ilgili.
<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>

Yaz\u0131: G\u00fcvent\u00fcrk G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc<\/span><\/p>

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bas\u0131n sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn duayenlerinden olan ve 1948\u2019de H\u00fcrriyet Gazetesi\u2019ni yay\u0131nlayan Sedat Simavi, 1933\u2019ten itibaren d\u00f6nemin en pop\u00fcler haftal\u0131k dergisi Yedig\u00fcn\u2019\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yordu. Bu derginin 7 Nisan 1935 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda \u00d6mer R\u0131za imzal\u0131 \u201c1950 Senesinde D\u00fcnya Bamba\u015fka Bir D\u00fcnya Olacak\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Yaz\u0131, o zamanki insanlar\u0131n gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik hayal g\u00fc\u00e7lerini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilgin\u00e7tir. Mesela 15 y\u0131l sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131kla ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcde bulunur \u00d6mer R\u0131za: \u201c1935\u2019te kanserden \u00f6lenler \u00e7oktu. Baz\u0131 memleketlerde n\u00fcfusun onda biri kanserden k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. 1950\u2019de kanser, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na benzeyecek. \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ise tek bir eser kalmayacak. B\u00fct\u00fcn evler, t\u0131bbi \u015feraite azami derecede uyacak. Her ev g\u00fcne\u015ften azami istifadeyi temin edecek. Dima\u011f (zihin, beyin) hastal\u0131klar\u0131 beyinler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ameliyat ile bertaraf edilecek. \u0130nsanlara yeni guddeler (hormon salg\u0131layan bezeler) a\u015f\u0131lamakla tedavi usul\u00fc fevkalade ilerleyecek.\u201d<\/span><\/p>

Evet, kanser 1950\u2019de yok olmad\u0131 hatta belki de art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde baz\u0131 t\u00fcrleri erken te\u015fhis olanaklar\u0131yla etkili \u015fekilde tedavi edilebilse bile kanser, Alzheimer gibi \u201cdima\u011f\u201d hastal\u0131klar\u0131 veya hormonlarla tedavi konusunda daha al\u0131nacak epey yol var. Ama hakk\u0131n\u0131 teslim etmek gerek, yazar\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundaki \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve bu hastal\u0131k 1979\u2019da yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden tamamen silindi.<\/span><\/p>

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n dikkat \u00e7ekici bir ba\u015fka noktas\u0131 ise bug\u00fcn\u00fcn en pop\u00fcler konular\u0131ndan robotlarla ilgili. Okuyal\u0131m: \u201c1935\u2019te robotlara al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r gibi olmu\u015ftu. Robotlara i\u015f yapt\u0131rmak meselesi, gittik\u00e7e inki\u015faf etti (geli\u015fti). Fen adamlar\u0131 60.000 kilovatl\u0131k bir t\u00fcrbinin 2 milyon 270 bin adam taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan i\u015fi yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesap etmi\u015flerdi. Bu hesab\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve art\u0131k \u00e7ocuklar bile tek bir robotun binlerce insan\u0131n yerini tutaca\u011f\u0131na ak\u0131l erdirir oldular. Onun i\u00e7in insanlar robotlardan azami derecede istifadeyi temine koyuldular.\u201d<\/span><\/p>

Bu yaz\u0131ya bak\u0131nca 84 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, \u015fimdiki deyimle \u201cF\u00fct\u00fcrist\u201d yaz\u0131lar yazmaya kalkan birinin kafas\u0131ndaki \u201cRobot\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimdikinden olduk\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015fik oldu\u011funu fark edebiliyoruz. Zira o tarihte bug\u00fcn anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcrde bir robottan s\u00f6z edebilmek i\u00e7in insanlar\u0131n \u00f6nce bilgisayarla tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Evet, elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilk analog bilgisayar MIT\u2019de (Massachusetts Institute of Technologhy) Dr. Vannevar Bush taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tarihler, 1925\u2019i g\u00f6steriyordu ama 1935\u2019te, bilgisayar hen\u00fcz pop\u00fcler olarak bilinen bir kavram de\u011fildi. Bug\u00fcn anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za biraz yak\u0131n ilk elektronik bilgisayar, 1939\u2019da ABD Iowa\u2019da John Vincent Atanasoff ile Clifford Berry taraf\u0131ndan modellendi ve 4 y\u0131l sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bilgisayarlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek anlamda hayat\u0131m\u0131za girmesi ise 1980\u2019leri buldu.<\/span><\/p>

Neyse laf\u0131 fazla uzatmayay\u0131m, s\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fim \u015fu; bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131radan bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan teknolojiler, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n fikirsel ve kavramsal olarak bunlar\u0131 ortaya atmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok sonra hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 etkilemeye ve varolu\u015fumuzu \u015fekillendirmeye ba\u015flayabiliyor. Bu teknolojilerin birbiri ard\u0131na eklenmesiyle hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yaratabilece\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmek ise hi\u00e7 kolay bir i\u015f de\u011fil.<\/span><\/p>

Bug\u00fcn \u00fczerinde s\u0131k\u00e7a konu\u015ftu\u011fumuz yapay zek\u00e2 da i\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir teknoloji. Yapay zek\u00e2, yani insan\u0131 taklit edebilen, insan gibi \u00f6\u011frenebilen bilgisayar programlar\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131m\u0131za girebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nce bilgisayar\u0131n, sonra internetin var olabilmesi gerekiyordu. Onun ard\u0131ndan da bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan Google gibi bir arama motorunun ve \u015fimdi s\u0131radan bir \u015fekilde \u201csosyal medya\u201d dedi\u011fimiz sanal d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylece b\u00fcy\u00fck bir veri denizinin olu\u015fmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar olduktan sonra \u201cEvrimsel Programlama\u201d, \u201cSinir A\u011flar\u0131\u201d ve \u201cDerin \u00d6\u011frenme\u201d ile tan\u0131\u015fabildik. Bu sayede de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ve gelecekte yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n pazarlamada nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini konu\u015fabiliyoruz.<\/span><\/p>

\"\"Akl\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Ucundan Ge\u00e7meyen \u015eeyler\u2026<\/span><\/strong>
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yapay zek\u00e2 uygulamalar\u0131 hen\u00fcz ortada yokken 1968\u2019de Stanley Kubrick\u2019in \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u201c2001: A Space Odyssey\u201d filmi, yapay zek\u00e2 konusunda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir soru i\u015faretini do\u011furdu: \u201cAcaba yapay zek\u00e2, bir g\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok eder mi?\u201d<\/span><\/p>

Hen\u00fcz yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yapabilece\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri bilmeden, belki de yapay zek\u00e2yla sahip olabilece\u011fimiz konforu g\u00f6rmeden, bug\u00fcne kadar sahip oldu\u011fumuz teknolojiler gibi yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde a\u00e7abilece\u011fi ufuklar\u0131 bilmeden b\u00f6yle bir \u015f\u00fcphenin olu\u015fmas\u0131 san\u0131r\u0131m insan\u0131n ancak kendi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendine rakip olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ilgili.<\/span>
\u015eimdiye kadar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve \u00f6nceleri \u015f\u00fcpheyle bak\u0131lan t\u00fcm teknolojik devrimler gibi yapay zek\u00e2 da hayat\u0131m\u0131zda vazge\u00e7ilmez gibi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz baz\u0131 \u015feylerin yok olmas\u0131na, akl\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ucundan bile ge\u00e7meyen \u015feylerin de hayat\u0131m\u0131za girmesine neden olacak.<\/span><\/p>

Tam da bu noktada, pazarlamac\u0131lar i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan ama g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde herkes i\u00e7in en pop\u00fcler \u201c\u015f\u00fcphelerden\u201d biri haline gelen; \u201cYapay zek\u00e2 bizi e\u015fimizden, dostumuzdan hatta kendimizden daha iyi tan\u0131yabilir ve hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirebilir mi?\u201d sorusuna gelelim.<\/span>
Bu soruyu basit\u00e7e, \u201cEvet tan\u0131yabilir ve y\u00f6nlendirebilir\u201d diye cevaplayabiliriz. Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Prof. Dr. Cem Say; herkese okumas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye etti\u011fim \u201c50 Soruda Yapay Zek\u00e2\u201d kitab\u0131nda, psikologlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu baz\u0131 testleri dolduran g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc kullan\u0131c\u0131lar sayesinde Facebook\u2019un, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n neleri be\u011fendi\u011fini girdi olarak al\u0131p bu ki\u015filerin pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fini tahmin edebilen bir sisteme sahip oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 95, cinsel y\u00f6nelimini y\u00fczde 88, siyasi tercihini y\u00fczde 85 oran\u0131nda do\u011fru tahmin edebilmek i\u00e7in onun yaln\u0131zca 68 be\u011fenisine bakmak yeterli oluyor. Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntem, ki\u015filerin zek\u00e2 seviyelerini, dinlerini alkol ve sigara kullan\u0131p kullanmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ebeveynlerinin bo\u015fan\u0131p bo\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptayabiliyor. Dahas\u0131, bu ki\u015filerin ileride kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaklar\u0131 bir se\u00e7imde ne karar vereceklerini sadece 10 be\u011feniyle i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan, 70 be\u011feniyle arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan, 150 be\u011feniyle ebeveynlerinden, 300 be\u011feniyle hayat arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek do\u011frulukta tahmin edebiliyor.<\/span><\/p>

\"\"Araya Giren Reklam Uygulamalar\u0131 Azalacak<\/span><\/strong>
B\u00fcy\u00fck veriyi bu \u015fekilde i\u015fleyip kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda fikir sahibi olan tek \u015firket, Facebook de\u011fil elbette. Amazon, Netflix gibi online sat\u0131\u015f kanallar\u0131n\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 izleyerek ve i\u015fleyerek verdi\u011fi tavsiyelerin isabet y\u00fczdesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce, pazarlamada yapay zek\u00e2 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 ilk sonu\u00e7, kendili\u011finden ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Yapay zek\u00e2 ile ortadan kaybolacaklar\u0131n veya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalacaklar\u0131n ilk s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u201caraya giren reklam\u201d uygulamalar\u0131 yer alacak. Medya t\u00fcketimimiz dijital platformlara kayd\u0131k\u00e7a yaln\u0131zca sat\u0131n alma ihtimalimizin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu tavsiyeleri g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. Reklam de\u011fil; hem ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131za hem zevkimize hem de kesemize uygun tavsiyeler\u2026 Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle pazarlamada bo\u015fa at\u0131\u015flar yerine daha az kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131yla daha isabetli hedefleme, yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme olacak. Bu s\u00f6yledi\u011fimi, bir online ma\u011fazaya girip inceleyip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcnler boyunca sizi takip etmesine neden olan remarketing uygulamalar\u0131yla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131n sak\u0131n! Bunlar yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n hen\u00fcz ta\u015f devri uygulamalar\u0131. Zira elimizde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir veri oldu\u011fu do\u011fru ancak eldeki veriyi hen\u00fcz gerekli h\u0131zda i\u015fleyemiyoruz. \u0130\u015flemci tiplerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi ve bilgisayarlar\u0131n h\u0131zlanmas\u0131 elbette yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n hayat\u0131m\u0131za daha fazla n\u00fcfuz etmesine neden olacak.<\/span><\/p>

Size Sormadan\u2026<\/span><\/strong>
\u201cYapay zek\u00e2 pazarlamada nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131yor ve kullan\u0131lacak?\u201d sorusunu iki d\u00fczeyde yan\u0131tlamak gerekiyor. Bir tanesi yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n nesnelerin interneti sayesinde do\u011frudan sat\u0131\u015f arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131, di\u011feri ise pazarlamada karar\u0131 insanlara b\u0131rakan -ya da b\u0131rak\u0131rm\u0131\u015f gibi yapan- daha isabetli hedeflemeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartmas\u0131. Her iki d\u00fczeyin de bir yandan bizi \u00e7evreleyen de\u011fi\u015fik t\u00fcrdeki bilgisayarlar veya \u201cinternete ba\u011fl\u0131 nesneler\u201d i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131; bir yandan da fiziksel d\u00fcnyada, otonom kararlar veren de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekillerdeki robotlar olarak hayat\u0131m\u0131zda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Yani bir yandan kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z buzdolab\u0131, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r makinesi, elbise dolab\u0131, yatak benzeri e\u015fyalar ak\u0131lland\u0131k\u00e7a, bir yandan da ak\u0131ll\u0131 saat ve benzeri giyilebilir teknolojiler fazlala\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a pek \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bize sormadan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olaca\u011f\u0131z. Buzdolab\u0131m\u0131z bize sormadan istedi\u011fimiz g\u0131dalar\u0131 sipari\u015f verecek, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r makinemiz deterjan\u0131n\u0131\u2026<\/span>
Elbise dolab\u0131n\u0131z, ak\u0131ll\u0131 giysileriniz sayesinde art\u0131k i\u00e7ine s\u0131\u011famad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z k\u0131yafetleri yenileriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirecek veya ak\u0131ll\u0131 saatiniz \u00e7ok kilo ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek diyetisyenden ya da doktordan randevu alacak. Tabi bu durumda \u201cBana sormadan b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar hangi parayla olacak?\u201d diyebilirsiniz. O en kolay\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o i\u015f zaten kazanc\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, banka hesab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve kredilerinizi y\u00f6neten yapay zek\u00e2l\u0131 asistan\u0131n\u0131zda olacak. Asistan\u0131n\u0131z sahip oldu\u011funuz gelir d\u00fczeyiyle size en verimli hayat\u0131 ya\u015fatacak. E\u015fyalar\u0131n fiziksel olarak geli\u015f-gidi\u015fi ve depolanmas\u0131 da bug\u00fcn Amazon\u2019da kullan\u0131lan robotlar\u0131n, insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n evlerimize girmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelecek.<\/span><\/p>

Biraz daha ileri gidersek yapay zek\u00e2, \u00fcretim ve pazarlaman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten bir b\u00fct\u00fcn haline gelmesini sa\u011flayacak. Harvard Business School \u0130\u015fletme B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc eski profes\u00f6rlerinden Shoshana Zuboff’un Ekim 2010’da McKinsey Quarterly’de yay\u0131nlanan \u201cCreating Value in the Age of Distributed Capitalism\u201d (Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Kapitalizm \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda De\u011fer Yaratmak) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, son 20-30 y\u0131lda medya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ya\u015fananlar, end\u00fcstrinin hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yay\u0131lacak. Son 30 y\u0131lda; pikaplar, teypler, video oynat\u0131c\u0131lar, CD \u00e7alarlar, hatta MP3 \u00e7alarlar nas\u0131l yok olduysa; m\u00fczik dinlemek film seyretmek i\u00e7in art\u0131k, plak, bant, kaset, CD gibi \u00f6zel ortamlara ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z kalmad\u0131ysa; m\u00fczik veya video \u00fcretimiyle t\u00fcketimi aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l direkt k\u00f6pr\u00fcler kurulduysa; yiyecekten k\u0131yafete, tabak \u00e7anaktan sandalyeye kadar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z da ayn\u0131 bu \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131lanabilecek. Bunun i\u00e7in, hepimizi tek tek tan\u0131yan, birbiriyle entegre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yapay zek\u00e2 sistemleriyle, fiziksel \u00fcretim yapan insans\u0131z fabrikalar, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli malzemeleri \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 basabilen \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu yaz\u0131c\u0131lar birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak.<\/span><\/p>

City College of New York\u2019ta ders veren \u00fcnl\u00fc fizik\u00e7i ve f\u00fct\u00fcrist Michio Kaku perakendedeki bu geli\u015fmeye \u201cMass Customization\u201d, yani \u201cKitlesel Ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirme\u201d diyor. Kaku\u2019nun dedi\u011fi gibi, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kapitalizm \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olan \u015fey, tam istedi\u011finiz zamanda tam sizin i\u00e7in imal edilmi\u015f olarak elinizde olacak. Kaku buna \u201cM\u00fckemmel Kapitalizm\u201d diyor ama bu sistemin kapitalizm olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu tabii.<\/span><\/p>

Verimlilik \u00c7ok Y\u00fckselecek<\/span><\/strong>
Bu uzun tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu alet edevat ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n entegrasyonuyla \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 20-30 y\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7, verimlili\u011fin \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok y\u00fckselmesi olacak. Bunun zaten buhar g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretime dahil olmas\u0131ndan beri tekrarlanan bir sonu\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilirsiniz, elbette. Bu sefer de benzer sonu\u00e7lar, \u015fimdiye kadarkileri epey katlam\u0131\u015f olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelecek. \u201cSonu\u00e7lar\u201d diyorum, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu geli\u015fmenin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 hem t\u00fcketici hem i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc hem de i\u015fletme d\u00fczeyinde g\u00f6r\u00fclecek.<\/span><\/p>

K\u0131saca \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse, her yeni teknolojik dalga, verimlilik art\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6nce k\u00e2rlar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine neden olur. Ard\u0131ndan da o teknoloji yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131p ucuzlad\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayata \u00f6yle bir n\u00fcfuz eder ki, bu sefer de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan rekabet, k\u00e2rlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. K\u00e2rlar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck\u00e7e yeni teknolojiler i\u00e7in aray\u0131\u015f ba\u015flar ve b\u00f6ylece yeni bir dalgan\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/span>
Kapitalizmin kanaat \u00f6nderleri son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n kademeli olarak \u00fcretime girmesi ve End\u00fcstri 4.0 a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmesiyle, \u015fimdiye kadarki dalgalarda g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f h\u0131zda ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir \u00e2t\u0131l i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getiriyor ve bunun yarataca\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n nas\u0131l giderilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Davos\u2019ta toplanan D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Forumu\u2019nun son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndem konusunu, bu sorun olu\u015fturuyor.<\/span><\/p>

Her \u00dc\u00e7 Ki\u015fiden Birinin \u0130\u015fi Tehlikede<\/span><\/strong>
Uluslararas\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketi McKinsey\u2019in, Kas\u0131m 2017\u2019de yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapor gelecekteki i\u015f olanaklar\u0131 ve \u00fccretlerin durumuyla ilgili risklere dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. \u015eimdiye kadar ya\u015fanan teknolojik de\u011fi\u015fimlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yok olan i\u015fler kadar hatta ondan daha fazla yeni i\u015f alan\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finilen raporda, \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde yapay zek\u00e2 ve otomasyonun yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131ndan etkilenecek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn 2030\u2019a kadar 800 milyonu a\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tahmini yer al\u0131yor. Bu say\u0131, 2030\u2019da 2,66 milyar olarak tahmin edilen i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 30\u2019u; bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle neredeyse her \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiden birinin i\u015finin tehlikede olmas\u0131 demek. Yine ayn\u0131 raporda 2030\u2019da i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 8-9\u2019unun halihaz\u0131rda mevcut olmayan, yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak mesleklerde istihdam edilebilece\u011fi tahmini yer al\u0131yor. Yapay zek\u00e2 ve otomasyonun neden olaca\u011f\u0131 verimlilik art\u0131\u015f\u0131; yani \u00fcretimde insan eme\u011fine olan ihtiyac\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, yeni mesleklerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n bir hayli \u00fczerinde.<\/span><\/p>

McKinsey raporu bu durumdan en fazla geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u00f6zellikle de vas\u0131fs\u0131z i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn etkilenece\u011fini, ancak etkinin yaln\u0131zca vas\u0131fs\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarla da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Nitekim New York \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Jason Furman\u2019\u0131n Temmuz 2016\u2019da yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc \u00fczerindeki etkilerini inceledi\u011fi makalesinde, saatte 20 dolar\u0131n alt\u0131nda bir \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 83\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn, saatlik 20-40 dolar aras\u0131 kazanc\u0131 olanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 31\u2019inin, saatte 40 dolardan fazla kazananlar\u0131n da y\u00fczde 4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011frudan yapay zek\u00e2 uygulamalar\u0131ndan etkilenece\u011fi tahmini yer al\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

Fast Company dergisinde Mart 2016\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan \u201cKodlama bilmek i\u015finizi korumaya yetmeyebilir\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada yer verilen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ise durumun nitelikli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da pek kolay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Teknolojinin istihdam\u0131n gelece\u011fi \u00fczerindeki etkisiyle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan iki MIT profes\u00f6r\u00fc Erik Brynjolfsson ve Andrew McAfee\u2019nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yer verilen yaz\u0131da bu ikilinin 2013\u2019te s\u00f6yledikleri \u015fu c\u00fcmleler, olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekici: \u201cBu, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir paradoksu. Verimlilik rekor seviyelerde, inovasyon hi\u00e7 bu kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda orta s\u0131n\u0131fta s\u00fcrekli bir gelir azal\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve daha az i\u015f bulabilme gibi sorunlar s\u00f6z konusu. Teknoloji o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerliyor ki becerilerimiz ve organizasyonlar\u0131m\u0131z teknolojiye ayak uyduramad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan insanlar geride kal\u0131yor. (\u2026) T\u00fcm bu bilim-kurgu teknolojileri hayata ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde, bu kadar insan\u0131 ne yapaca\u011f\u0131z?\u201d<\/span><\/p>

Yapay Zek\u00e2 Yaln\u0131zca \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc Tehdit Etmiyor<\/span><\/strong>
\u0130sve\u00e7\u2019te yasal olarak yola \u00e7\u0131kan otonom kamyonu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn! Peki, \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bu kadar \u00e7ok insan i\u015fsiz kalacaksa insanlar nas\u0131l ya\u015fayacak, nas\u0131l t\u00fcketecek, kim, neyi, nas\u0131l sat\u0131n alacak? Bir ad\u0131m daha ileri gideyim; yapay zek\u00e2 yaln\u0131z i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in de\u011fil giri\u015fimler i\u00e7in de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehdit olu\u015fturuyor. Yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla i\u015fletmelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ortadan kalkacak ve sekt\u00f6rlerde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir tekelle\u015fme ya\u015fanacak.<\/span><\/p>

\u00d6yle ya; yapay zek\u00e2 sayesinde verimlilik maksimum d\u00fczeye y\u00fckselecekse, yapay zek\u00e2y\u0131 t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6rlerde, t\u00fcm i\u015fletmeler, t\u00fcm markalar kullan\u0131r hale gelecekse, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri sayesinde herkes en iyi i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc elde edip, en iyi tasar\u0131m\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p, en m\u00fckemmel hedeflemeyi yapacaksa, b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fletmeler her \u015feyi tam zaman\u0131nda ve tam istendi\u011fi gibi \u00fcretip t\u00fcketicinin \u00f6n\u00fcne koyacaksa bu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl rekabet, k\u00e2rlar\u0131 minimum d\u00fczeylere indirmeyecek mi? O g\u00fcn geldi\u011finde i\u015fletmeler nas\u0131l hayatta kalacak? Kim, kiminle, nerede, nas\u0131l rekabet edecek?<\/span><\/p>

Evet! Yapay zek\u00e2 elimizden pek \u00e7ok i\u015fi alacak, pek \u00e7ok i\u015fletmeyi ortadan kald\u0131racak ve pek \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lama \u015feklimizi de\u011fi\u015ftirecek. Peki, bu insan zek\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n, rekabetin veya insan \u00fcretiminin sonu mu olacak? Hi\u00e7 sanm\u0131yorum. \u015eimdiye kadar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z teknolojik devrimler, \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketim bi\u00e7imimizdeki de\u011fi\u015fmeler nas\u0131l hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin sonunu getirmediyse yapay zek\u00e2 devrimi de bunlar\u0131n sonunu getirmeyecek. Ama \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fratacak.<\/span><\/p>

Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da s\u0131radan bir k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn hayat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Bu insan, hayat\u0131n \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok yava\u015f de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi bir zaman diliminde ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen bilginin yeni ya\u015fam tecr\u00fcbeleriyle yava\u015f\u00e7a evrildi\u011fi bu zamanda, bir k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn kayg\u0131lar\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc orta s\u0131n\u0131f bir \u015fehirliden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131yd\u0131. Asl\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hayatta kalma \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7in harcan\u0131yordu. Bu insan ne bir kariyer plan\u0131 yap\u0131yordu ne emeklilik ne de restoran rezervasyonu\u2026 \u00c7ocu\u011funa daha iyi e\u011fitim ald\u0131rmak gibi bir kayg\u0131s\u0131 yoktu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendisinin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir e\u011fitim yoktu. Kitap okumuyordu, film seyretmiyordu. Bu insana bug\u00fcn bizim ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hayat\u0131 anlatabilseydik; temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n bollu\u011funu, ya\u015fam s\u00fcremizi, hastal\u0131klar\u0131n nas\u0131l tedavi edilebildi\u011fini, veban\u0131n, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, istedi\u011fimiz zaman evlenip bo\u015fanabildi\u011fimizi, seyahat etmekte \u00f6zg\u00fcr oldu\u011fumuzu, birka\u00e7 saatte d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr ucuna gidebildi\u011fimizi ve benzerlerini\u2026 Muhtemelen bizim cenneti tarif etti\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/span>
Ama bizler cennette ya\u015fam\u0131yoruz, hatta Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019daki bir k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn tasavvur edemeyece\u011fi mutsuzluklar\u0131m\u0131z var. Geli\u015fen teknoloji ve kapitalist sistem bizi hayatta kalma kayg\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtard\u0131 ama insan\u0131n aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 bitmedi, beyni durmad\u0131, toplumsal ve ki\u015fisel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n sonu gelmedi. Her yeni teknolojinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcyle ilgili aray\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z bitmedi. Yapay zek\u00e2 da bu aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 sona erdirecek veya sonsuz olan insan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131racak de\u011fil. Bundan 30-40 y\u0131l sonra, 100-150 y\u0131l sonra bug\u00fcn sorun olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz pek \u00e7ok \u015feyle u\u011fra\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131z, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu ihtiya\u00e7 olmaktan bile \u00e7\u0131kacak ama ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z da dertlerimiz de bitmeyecek. E\u011fer birey olarak da giri\u015fimci olarak da iyi bir \u015feyler yapmak, bir de\u011fer ortaya koymak istiyorsak yapmam\u0131z gereken \u015fey, bir sonraki ad\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6rebilmek.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yapay zek\u00e2 uygulamalar\u0131 hen\u00fcz ortada yokken 1968\u2019de, Stanley Kubrick\u2019in \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u201c2001: A Space Odyssey\u201d filmi, yapay zek\u00e2 konusunda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir soru i\u015faretini do\u011furdu: \u201cAcaba yapay zek\u00e2, bir g\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok eder mi?\u201d Hen\u00fcz yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yapabilece\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri bilmeden, belki de yapay zek\u00e2yla sahip olabilece\u011fimiz konforu g\u00f6rmeden, bug\u00fcne kadar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1469","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-yazilar"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/yapay-zeka-pazarlama-1.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"ph16171887571_m2ho1594","author_link":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?author=1"},"yoast_head":"\nYapay Zek\u00e2, \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yok Eder mi? 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