{"id":1143,"date":"2019-09-18T14:04:44","date_gmt":"2019-09-18T14:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1143"},"modified":"2019-09-18T14:08:03","modified_gmt":"2019-09-18T14:08:03","slug":"bir-dayanisma-hareketi-kooperatifcilik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1143","title":{"rendered":"Bir Dayan\u0131\u015fma Hareketi: Kooperatif\u00e7ilik"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Uluslararas\u0131 Kooperatifler Birli\u011fi kooperatifi, \u201cOrtak ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ihtiya\u00e7lar ve istekleri, m\u00fc\u015fterek sahip olunan ve demokratik olarak kontrol edilen bir i\u015fletme yoluyla kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bir araya gelen insanlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00f6zerk bir te\u015fkilat\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Bu tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse kooperatifler, birlikte hareket etme, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve sorunlara ortak bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm platformu olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Toplumumuzda tarihi, Mithat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cMemleket Sand\u0131klar\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla kurdu\u011fu yap\u0131lanmaya kadar uzanan kooperatifler, bug\u00fcn \u00fcretimi artt\u0131rma, g\u0131dadaki kay\u0131plar\u0131 \u00f6nleme, daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 besinlere ula\u015fma ve en \u00f6nemlisi hem \u00fcretici hem de t\u00fcketici i\u00e7in daha ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ad\u0131na hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor ve g\u0131da sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcndeminde de \u201ckooperatifle\u015fme\u201d ilk s\u0131ralarda yer al\u0131yor.
<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>

\"\"Kooperatifle\u015fme yeni nesle yabanc\u0131 bir kavram gibi gelse de asl\u0131nda kooperatiflerin tarihimizde, \u00f6zellikle de Cumhuriyet tarihinde tar\u0131msal kalk\u0131nma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc var. Serbest piyasa ekonomisi ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmelerin ard\u0131ndan kooperatifle\u015fme faaliyetleri \u00f6nemini yitirdi, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri de sekteye u\u011frad\u0131. Yak\u0131n bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe kadar tar\u0131msal faaliyetleri ve yer alt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyada kendi kendine yeten 7 \u00fclkeden biri olan T\u00fcrkiye, bug\u00fcn ne yaz\u0131k ki pek \u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ithal ediyor. Devlet gerekli hamleleri yaparken g\u0131da sekt\u00f6r\u00fc de t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte duruma \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aramaya devam ediyor. \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir ortam\u0131n ilk g\u00fcndem maddesi de elbette \u201ckooperatifle\u015fme\u201d. Zira kooperatifle\u015fme, yard\u0131mla\u015fma ruhunu ta\u015f\u0131yan toplumumuzda, birlikte hareket etmenin ve dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kurumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri. <\/span><\/p>

Kooperatifler: Bir Demokrasi Alan\u0131<\/strong><\/span>
Kooperatif tarihinin insanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eski oldu\u011fu biliniyor. \u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ortakla\u015fa i\u015f yapma \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen dayan\u0131\u015fma faaliyetleri, d\u00f6nemsel olarak imece, lonca veya ahilik gibi isimler ald\u0131 ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 y\u0131ld\u0131r etkin olarak i\u015fleyen kooperatif\u00e7ilik ilkeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Piyasa mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7inde kooperatifler, sermaye birikimini s\u00fcrekli k\u0131larak baz\u0131 mal ve hizmetlerin sunumunda ve isteminde ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rmada, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye katk\u0131da bulunmada, \u201c\u00fcretim ve b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201d s\u00fcrecini birbirleriyle ili\u015fkili k\u0131larak ekonomik t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fmada, dev firmalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda rekabeti korumada ve piyasalar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fleyi\u015fini d\u00fczenlemede \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revleri yerine getiren kurulu\u015flar\u2026 Kooperatifler, piyasa tercihlerine ve karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kat\u0131lan e\u015fit konumdaki \u00fcyelerce denetlenen demokratik kurulu\u015flar olarak \u00fcyelerin e\u015fit oy hakk\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 (her \u00fcyeye bir oy hakk\u0131) ve kooperatifin \u00fcyelerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile birlikte y\u00f6netilmesi \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, demokrasinin k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve anlay\u0131\u015f olarak geli\u015fece\u011fi bir platform olarak da kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fin d\u00fcnyaca tan\u0131nan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc Warbasse, kooperatifleri \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131ml\u0131yor: \u201cKooperatif\u00e7ilik sosyal bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr olman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra faaliyet ve hedefleriyle tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir demokrasi alan\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d Uluslararas\u0131 Kooperatifler Birli\u011fi ise kooperatifleri \u201cOrtak ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ihtiya\u00e7lar ve istekleri m\u00fc\u015fterek sahip olunan ve demokratik olarak kontrol edilen bir i\u015fletme yoluyla kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak bir araya gelen insanlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00f6zerk bir te\u015fkilatt\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

Kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fin 7 \u0130lkesi<\/strong><\/span>
1. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ve herkese a\u00e7\u0131k ortakl\u0131k:<\/strong> Kooperatifler, cinsel, sosyal, \u0131rksal, siyasal ve dinsel ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, hizmetlerinden yararlanabilecek ve ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 kabule raz\u0131 olan herkese a\u00e7\u0131k, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc kurulu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>

2. Ortaklar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen demokratik y\u00f6netim:<\/strong> Kooperatifler, politika olu\u015fturma ve karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kat\u0131lan ortaklarca y\u00f6netilen ve denetlenen demokratik kurulu\u015flard\u0131r. Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f temsilci olarak hizmet edenler, ortaklara kar\u015f\u0131 sorumludur. Birim kooperatif kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda ortaklar e\u015fit oy hakk\u0131na sahiptir (her orta\u011fa bir oy hakk\u0131). Di\u011fer d\u00fczeydeki kooperatif kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda ise oy hakk\u0131, demokratik bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla d\u00fczenlenir.<\/span><\/p>

3. Ortaklar\u0131n ekonomik kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Ortaklar, kooperatiflerinin sermayesine adil bir \u015fekilde katk\u0131da bulunur ve bunu demokratik olarak y\u00f6netirler. Bu sermayenin en az\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 genellikle kooperatifin ortak m\u00fclkiyetidir. \u00c7o\u011funlukla ortaklar, \u00fcyeli\u011fin bir ko\u015fulu olarak taahh\u00fct edildi\u011fi \u00fczere (var ise) sermaye \u00fczerinden k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 miktarda gelir elde ederler. Ortaklar gelir fazlas\u0131n\u0131, muhtemelen \u201cen az\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 taksim olunamaz kaynaklar\u201d olu\u015fturma yoluyla kooperatiflerini geli\u015ftirme, kooperatifle yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 i\u015flemlerle orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ortaklar\u0131na k\u00e2r sa\u011flama ve ortaklarca onaylanan di\u011fer faaliyetlere destek olma gibi ama\u00e7lar\u0131n biri ya da tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in ay\u0131r\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>

4. \u00d6zerklik ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k:<\/strong> Kooperatifler, \u00f6zerk, kendi kendine yeten ve ortaklar\u0131nca y\u00f6netilen kurulu\u015flard\u0131r. Kooperatifler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer kurulu\u015flarla bir anla\u015fmaya girmeleri ya da d\u0131\u015f kaynaklar yoluyla sermayelerini artt\u0131rmalar\u0131 durumunda, bunu kooperatiflerin \u00f6zerkli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek ve ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n demokratik y\u00f6netimini koruyacak \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirler.<\/span><\/p>

5. E\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011frenim ve bilgilendirme:<\/strong> Kooperatifler ortaklar\u0131na, se\u00e7ilmi\u015f temsilcilerine, y\u00f6neticilerine ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na kooperatiflerinin geli\u015fimine etkin bir \u015fekilde katk\u0131da bulunabilmeleri i\u00e7in e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kooperatifler genel kamuoyunu -\u00f6zellikle de gen\u00e7leri ve kamuoyunu olu\u015fturanlar\u0131- i\u015fbirli\u011finin \u015fekli ve yararlar\u0131 konusunda bilgilendirirler.<\/span><\/p>

6. Kooperatifler aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi:<\/strong> Kooperatifler, yerel, ulusal, b\u00f6lgesel ve uluslararas\u0131 olu\u015fumlarla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ortaklar\u0131na daha etkin bir \u015fekilde hizmet eder ve kooperatif\u00e7ilik hareketini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir.<\/span><\/p>

7. Topluma kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olma:<\/strong> Kooperatifler, ortaklar\u0131nca onaylanan politikalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>

\u0130lk Kooperatifler: Memleket Sand\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong><\/span>
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fin tarihi Mithat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kurdu\u011fu \u201cMemleket Sand\u0131klar\u0131\u201dna dayan\u0131yor. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Rumeli topraklar\u0131nda bulunan \u015eehirk\u00f6y (Pirot) kasabas\u0131nda, 1863 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda kurulan \u201cMemleket Sand\u0131klar\u0131\u201d, T\u00fcrk kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011finin ilk uygulamas\u0131 olarak kabul edildi ve 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda da resmile\u015fti. 1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ziraat Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra, \u0130zmir\u2019de kooperatif hareketi h\u0131z kazand\u0131. 1900 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u201ck\u00f6y bakkallar\u0131\u201d kurulmas\u0131 giri\u015fimi, k\u00f6y t\u00fcketim kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011finin geli\u015fimiyle ilgili olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130zmir Valisi Kamil Pa\u015fa, k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri soyguncu t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n ve gezici esnaf\u0131n elinden kurtar\u0131p kendi kuvvetleri ve kaynaklar\u0131yla, kendi ekonomik durumlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak bir \u00e7are olarak, k\u00f6ylerde kooperatif bakkal kurmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. 2. Me\u015frutiyet y\u0131llar\u0131nda kooperatif\u00e7ilik konusu \u00fczerinde ilk duran isimlerden biri de Ethem Nejat. Ethem Nejat, \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bir koruyucu g\u00fcmr\u00fck politikas\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan ve kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z serbestli\u011fi reddeden Osmanl\u0131 Ziraat ve Ticaret Gazetesi\u2019nde kooperatif\u00e7ilikle ilgili yaz\u0131lar kaleme ald\u0131. Ona g\u00f6re, yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131lan i\u015flere k\u0131yasla ortakla\u015fa yap\u0131lan i\u015fler daha yararl\u0131yd\u0131 ve sanayide, ziraatte ve ticarette geli\u015fim ancak bir b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilirdi.<\/span><\/p>

Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi ve Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong><\/span>
Cumhuriyetin il\u00e2n edilmesiyle birlikte kooperatif harekette hem hukuksal hem de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel a\u00e7\u0131dan bir ilerleme oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Atat\u00fcrk, kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fi belli bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fil, yeni T\u00fcrk Devletinin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesinden \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcrekli olarak ele alm\u0131\u015f. Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda n\u00fcfusun artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, tar\u0131m politikalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131. Tar\u0131mdaki \u00fcretim teknikleri de geli\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Kredi kooperatiflerinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta istenilen ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 elde edememesi, kooperatiflerin en zengin k\u00f6ylerden ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve ekonomik konularda deste\u011fin sa\u011flanamamas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Cumhuriyetin ilan edilmesine kadar, kooperatif\u00e7ilikle ilgili olarak yasal anlamda baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar bulunuyor. T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 tarihinde Kooperatif \u015eirketler Kanun Layihas\u0131 meclise g\u00f6nderildi ve 28 Aral\u0131k 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Genel Kurul g\u00fcndemine al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu tasar\u0131da Meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn de imzas\u0131 bulunuyor. Ancak tasar\u0131 ne yaz\u0131k ki y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giremedi.<\/span><\/p>

\u201cTar\u0131m \u00dclkesi Olaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d<\/strong><\/span>
Atat\u00fcrk, k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn her konuda bilin\u00e7lenmesini istiyordu. Yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir konu\u015fmada \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cBen de \u00e7ift\u00e7i oldu\u011fumdan biliyorum. Makinesiz tar\u0131m olmaz, el eme\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Birle\u015firseniz birlikte makinalar al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Y\u0131lda y\u00fcz d\u00f6n\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, on kat\u0131n\u0131 eker, y\u00fcz kat\u0131n\u0131 elde edersiniz, bir de topra\u011f\u0131n sevdi\u011fi tohumu bulup ekmelidir. Yurdumuz, \u00e7ift\u00e7i \u00fclkesi olmaya hen\u00fcz hak kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tar\u0131m \u00fclkesi olaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu da ancak makinal\u0131 tar\u0131mla olur.\u201d Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ekonomik konulara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmesiyle ilgili olarak s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fu s\u00f6zler de son derece manidar: \u201cTicarete salim bir cereyan vermek i\u00e7in ba\u015fka unsura istinat etmek zaruretindeyiz. Bu da ancak al\u0131m-sat\u0131m kooperatifleri ile olabilir. Memleketi kooperatif \u015febekesinin ihata etmesi \u015fayan-\u0131 arzudur. Bu kooperatifler v\u00fccut bulduk\u00e7a da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131lmamal\u0131, te\u015fkilat alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/span><\/p>

\"\"Kooperatiflere Verilen \u00d6nem Art\u0131yor<\/strong><\/span>
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fin geli\u015fimine bakmaya devam edecek olursak, kooperatiflere y\u00f6nelik \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemeler olarak 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201c\u0130stihsal, Al\u0131m ve Sat\u0131m Ortakl\u0131k Kooperatifleri Nizamnamesi\u201d sonra da 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cZirai Kredi Kooperatifleri Kanunu\u201d \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Ekonominin tar\u0131m a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyadaki mali krizden etkilenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere finansman sa\u011flama ve tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini pazarlama konular\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Bunun sonucu olarak 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2834 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cTar\u0131m Sat\u0131\u015f Kooperatifleri ve Birlikleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u201d ve 2836 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cTar\u0131m Kredi Kooperatifleri Kanunu\u201d \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Kooperatifler Kanununun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar (1969) ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede kooperatif\u00e7ilik Ticaret Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re y\u00f6netildi; tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ise \u00f6zel kanunlarla kooperatif\u00e7ilik faaliyetleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>

1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde, i\u015fsizlik ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlar artm\u0131\u015f durumdayd\u0131. Bununla birlikte ekonomik ve sosyal alanda planlama d\u00f6nemine ge\u00e7ildi. Planlama d\u00f6neminde k\u0131rsal alanda \u00fcretimi artt\u0131rmak, kentlerde istihdam olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla birtak\u0131m politikalar geli\u015ftirildi. 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 6762 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda \u201cTicaret \u015eirketleri\u201d ile ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131n sonunda kooperatiflerle ilgili d\u00fczenlemelere yer verildi. 1960\u2019tan sonra devletin kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fe verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1961 Anayasas\u0131na ilk defa kooperatif\u00e7ilikle ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler konuldu. Bu geli\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cKooperatifler Kanunu\u201d hayata ge\u00e7irildi. Kooperatifler Kanununun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle; t\u00fcketim kooperatifleri, kredi ve kefalet kooperatifleri, tar\u0131msal ama\u00e7l\u0131 kooperatifler ve konut kooperatifleri say\u0131sal olarak artt\u0131 ve yeni kooperatif t\u00fcrleri olarak; \u00fcretim kooperatifleri, temin tevzi kooperatifleri ile ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde faaliyet g\u00f6steren kooperatifler kuruldu. Tar\u0131m kredi kooperatifleri, pancar ekicileri kooperatifleri ve tar\u0131m sat\u0131\u015f kooperatif ve birlikleri yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yaparak sanayi tesisleri kurdu ve faaliyetlerin \u00e7e\u015fitlenmesi nedeniyle kooperatiflere ba\u011fl\u0131 ticari ortakl\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu \u015fekilde sa\u011flanan ortakl\u0131k ve ticari ili\u015fkiler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. D\u00fcnyada son 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde, ekonomik ve sosyal ya\u015fam ile kamu y\u00f6netimi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimlerin sonucu olarak devletlerin ekonomik ve sosyal alanda rollerini azaltmaya, idari, politik ve ekonomik yap\u0131lar\u0131 serbestle\u015ftirmeye ve yerelle\u015ftirmeye, planl\u0131 ekonomiden piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7meye ve farkl\u0131 ekonomik sekt\u00f6rlerin geli\u015fimini dengelemeye do\u011fru y\u00f6neldikleri bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fand\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu geli\u015fmeler toplumun ekonomik ve sosyal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretebilecek olu\u015fumlara olan ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

Kooperatifler gibi kendi kendine yard\u0131m eden ve kendi sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcklenen ekonomik dayan\u0131\u015fma \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, geli\u015fmi\u015f bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu bo\u015flu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde dolduruyor. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan, son d\u00f6nemlerde uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar ve b\u00f6lgesel entegrasyonlar taraf\u0131ndan \u201cDevletlerin Kooperatiflere Olan Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131\u201d konusunda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da h\u0131z ve \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor. Ekonomik ve mali istikrar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, sosyal refah\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fclkemizde de kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fin ideal y\u00f6nde geli\u015ftirilmesi bir gereklilik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uluslararas\u0131 Kooperatifler Birli\u011fi kooperatifi, \u201cOrtak ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ihtiya\u00e7lar ve istekleri, m\u00fc\u015fterek sahip olunan ve demokratik olarak kontrol edilen bir i\u015fletme yoluyla kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bir araya gelen insanlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00f6zerk bir te\u015fkilat\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Bu tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse kooperatifler, birlikte hareket etme, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve sorunlara ortak bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm platformu olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Toplumumuzda tarihi, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1144,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1143","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-yazilar"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/kooperatiflesme-1.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"ph16171887571_m2ho1594","author_link":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?author=1"},"yoast_head":"\nBir Dayan\u0131\u015fma Hareketi: Kooperatif\u00e7ilik - GPD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1143\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bir Dayan\u0131\u015fma Hareketi: Kooperatif\u00e7ilik - GPD\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Uluslararas\u0131 Kooperatifler Birli\u011fi kooperatifi, \u201cOrtak ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ihtiya\u00e7lar ve istekleri, m\u00fc\u015fterek sahip olunan ve demokratik olarak kontrol edilen bir i\u015fletme yoluyla kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bir araya gelen insanlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00f6zerk bir te\u015fkilat\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Bu tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse kooperatifler, birlikte hareket etme, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve sorunlara ortak bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm platformu olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. 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Bu tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse kooperatifler, birlikte hareket etme, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve sorunlara ortak bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm platformu olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Toplumumuzda tarihi, […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1143","og_site_name":"GPD","article_published_time":"2019-09-18T14:04:44+00:00","article_modified_time":"2019-09-18T14:08:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1181,"height":782,"url":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/kooperatiflesme-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"ph16171887571_m2ho1594","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"ph16171887571_m2ho1594","Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1143#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1143"},"author":{"name":"ph16171887571_m2ho1594","@id":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/#\/schema\/person\/2a9973560de07919114aa1faead0a371"},"headline":"Bir Dayan\u0131\u015fma Hareketi: Kooperatif\u00e7ilik","datePublished":"2019-09-18T14:04:44+00:00","dateModified":"2019-09-18T14:08:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1143"},"wordCount":2194,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1143#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/kooperatiflesme-1.jpg","articleSection":["Yaz\u0131lar"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1143","url":"https:\/\/www.gidaperakendecileri.org\/?p=1143","name":"Bir Dayan\u0131\u015fma Hareketi: Kooperatif\u00e7ilik - 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